{"id":215,"date":"2022-12-06T09:21:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-06T09:21:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/?p=215"},"modified":"2022-12-06T09:21:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-06T09:21:30","slug":"jakym-jazykem-mluvi-v-turecku-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/jakym-jazykem-mluvi-v-turecku-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak\u00fdm jazykem mluv\u00ed v Turecku?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div style=\"text-align:center\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/turcjawczasy.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/cropped-favicon-1.png?fit=512,512&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Jak\u00fdm jazykem mluv\u00ed v Turecku?\" title=\"Jak\u00fdm jazykem mluv\u00ed v Turecku?\" \/><\/div><div itemprop=\"text\">\n<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 se pt\u00e1te, jak\u00fdm jazykem mluv\u00ed Turci.  No, odpov\u011bd\u00ed je ture\u010dtina, co\u017e je turkick\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 kolem 80 a\u017e 90 milion\u016f rodil\u00fdch mluv\u010d\u00edch.  Je \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem Turecka a Severn\u00edho Kypru.  Je to popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jazyk v Turecku a mluv\u00ed j\u00edm velk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina populace.<\/p>\n<h2>ture\u010dtina<\/h2>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Learn Turkish in 25 Minutes - ALL the Basics You Need\" width=\"1080\" height=\"608\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YCu45ILtikE?feature=oembed\"  allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Ture\u010dtina je \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem Tureck\u00e9 republiky a jazykem jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed ture\u010dtiny.  Mluv\u00ed j\u00edm asi 85 milion\u016f lid\u00ed, v\u011bt\u0161inou v Turecku.  Tento jazyk m\u00e1 historii, kter\u00e1 sah\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e dv\u011b tis\u00edcilet\u00ed.  Jazyk je ps\u00e1n upravenou latinskou abecedou, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 29 p\u00edsmen a osm samohl\u00e1sek.  M\u00e1 syst\u00e9m p\u00e1d\u016f, ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 \u010dleny nebo rod, a m\u00edsto podstatn\u00fdch jmen pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 syst\u00e9m p\u0159\u00eddavn\u00fdch jmen.  Tureck\u00fd slovosled je opakem anglick\u00e9ho slovosledu.<\/p>\n<p>Ture\u010dtina je aglutina\u010dn\u00ed jazyk p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd ma\u010far\u0161tin\u011b a fin\u0161tin\u011b.  To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee ke ko\u0159enov\u00fdm slov\u016fm p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edpony pro vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed gramatick\u00fdch funkc\u00ed.  V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee jedin\u00e9 tureck\u00e9 slovo m\u016f\u017ee vyj\u00e1d\u0159it v\u00fdznam anglick\u00e9 v\u011bty.  P\u0159\u00edklady takov\u00fdch tureck\u00fdch slov jsou \u201ep\u0159ij\u00edt\u201c, \u201ene\u201c, \u201emy\u201c a \u201eoni\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Mluvit turecky je skv\u011bl\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v Turecku a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00edch Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu.  Zem\u011b m\u00e1 16. nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ekonomiku na sv\u011bt\u011b a rychle expanduje.  M\u00e1 geografick\u00e9 vazby na mnoho zem\u00ed a vl\u00e1da USA hled\u00e1 dal\u0161\u00ed americk\u00e9 ob\u010dany pro pr\u00e1ci v Turecku.<\/p>\n<h2>Jazyk Kurmanji v Turecku<\/h2>\n<p>Kurmanji je jazyk, kter\u00fdm mluv\u00ed Kurdov\u00e9 v Turecku.  P\u0159esto\u017ee je ture\u010dtina ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm jazykem Turecka, Kurdov\u00e9 mluv\u00ed sv\u00fdm vlastn\u00edm jazykem.  Ve skute\u010dnosti Kurdov\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed netureckou etnickou skupinu v zemi.  Zat\u00edmco tureck\u00e1 vl\u00e1da aktivn\u011b nepodporuje pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed Kurmanji, pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v mnoha soukrom\u00fdch organizac\u00edch a \u0161kol\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi znaky jazyka jsou jeho samohl\u00e1sky a souhl\u00e1sky.  V Kurmanji je osm samohl\u00e1sek, co\u017e odpov\u00edd\u00e1 osmi samohl\u00e1sk\u00e1m v Sorani.  Tento jazyk m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 fon\u00e9m zvan\u00fd &#8216;ae&#8217;, kter\u00fd se p\u00ed\u0161e p\u00edsmenem &#8216;e&#8217;.  Zvuk je v\u00edce podobn\u00fd anglick\u00e9mu p\u00edsmenu &#8216;e&#8217; a fon\u00e9m se tomu bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>Podstatn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v ozna\u010den\u00ed vitr\u00edny Kurmanji, stejn\u011b jako z\u00e1jmena.  Kurmanji pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 nominativn\u00ed i \u0161ikm\u00e9 p\u00e1dy.  V minulosti m\u011bl agent \u0161ikm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad, zat\u00edmco pacient m\u011bl nominativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad.<\/p>\n<h2>Ladin\u0161tina v Turecku<\/h2>\n<p>V Turecku ladin\u0161tinou mluv\u00ed potomci \u017did\u016f ze \u0160pan\u011blska.  Tento jazyk je v n\u011bkter\u00fdch ohledech podobn\u00fd \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tin\u011b.  Je to rom\u00e1nsk\u00fd jazyk s bohatou histori\u00ed literatury.  Je co-ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed s angli\u010dtinou ve st\u00e1t\u011b Nov\u00e9 Mexiko.  To je tak\u00e9 \u0161iroce mluven\u00e9 v New Yorku, kde tam je velk\u00e1 portorick\u00e1 populace.  Na jihu Floridy t\u00edmto jazykem mluv\u00ed tak\u00e9 kub\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci.  Turecko a Izrael jsou tak\u00e9 domovem lid\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed mluv\u00ed ladinskou \u0161pan\u011bl\u0161tinou.<\/p>\n<h2>Arab\u0161tina v Turecku<\/h2>\n<p>Arab\u0161tina je jedn\u00edm z nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch jazyk\u016f na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b.  Turecko se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b arabsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu a S\u00fdrie.  Dialekt arab\u0161tiny, kter\u00fdm se mluv\u00ed v Turecku, je zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako mezopot\u00e1msk\u00e1 arab\u0161tina a mluv\u00ed se j\u00edm tak\u00e9 v \u010d\u00e1stech Ir\u00e1ku a severn\u00ed S\u00fdrie.  Je to starov\u011bk\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fdm se mluvilo v Mezopot\u00e1mii.  V Turecku j\u00ed mluv\u00ed asi dva miliony lid\u00ed.  Arabsky v\u0161ak mluv\u00ed pouze jedno a\u017e dv\u011b procenta rodil\u00fdch tureck\u00fdch mluv\u010d\u00edch.<\/p>\n<p>Zat\u00edmco ture\u010dtina je ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm jazykem, mnoho tureck\u00fdch lid\u00ed mluv\u00ed tak\u00e9 jin\u00fdmi jazyky, jako je kurd\u0161tina a arab\u0161tina.  A\u010dkoli pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edho jazyka ture\u010dtiny omezilo pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed ostatn\u00edch jazyk\u016f, vl\u00e1da pracuje na jejich zachov\u00e1n\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed zem\u011b.  Zde je n\u011bkolik zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak se nau\u010dit arabsky v Turecku.<\/p>\n<p>V roce 1973 Valn\u00e9 shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f prohl\u00e1silo arab\u0161tinu za \u0161est\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed jazyk.  U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti t\u00e9to historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti Turecko uspo\u0159\u00e1dalo n\u011bkolik akc\u00ed.  Nap\u0159\u00edklad katedra ciz\u00edch jazyk\u016f na Gazi University po\u0159\u00e1dala program, kter\u00fd zahrnoval b\u00e1sn\u011b, p\u00edsn\u011b a n\u00e1\u010drty v arab\u0161tin\u011b.  Akce byla oslavou arabsk\u00e9ho jazyka.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mo\u017en\u00e1 se pt\u00e1te, jak\u00fdm jazykem mluv\u00ed Turci. No, odpov\u011bd\u00ed je ture\u010dtina, co\u017e je turkick\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 kolem 80 a\u017e 90 milion\u016f rodil\u00fdch mluv\u010d\u00edch. Je \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem Turecka a Severn\u00edho Kypru. Je to popul\u00e1rn\u00ed jazyk v Turecku a mluv\u00ed j\u00edm velk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina populace. ture\u010dtina Ture\u010dtina je \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edm jazykem Tureck\u00e9 republiky a jazykem jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed ture\u010dtiny. Mluv\u00ed [&hellip;]<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":216,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","fifu_image_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/turcjawczasy.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/cropped-favicon-1.png?fit=512,512&ssl=1","fifu_image_alt":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-215","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dovolena"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/turcjawczasy.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/cropped-favicon-1.png?fit=512,512&ssl=1","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":213,"url":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/ma-turecko-letni-cas-2\/\/","url_meta":{"origin":215,"position":0},"title":"M\u00e1 Turecko letn\u00ed \u010das?","author":"","date":"December 6, 2022","format":false,"excerpt":"","rel":"","context":"Similar post","block_context":{"text":"Similar post","link":""},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"","width":0,"height":0},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=215"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":217,"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215\/revisions\/217"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/216"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=215"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=215"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/turcjawczasy.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=215"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}